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La Corte, el Sistema Interamericano de Protección de los Derechos Humanos, el deber de investigar y la justicia transicional
Manuel E. Ventura Robles
Revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Direitos Humanos
Año 16, Vol. 16, No. 16 (2016)
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Resumen: El presente artículo aborda los
siguientes temas: En primer lugar, el funcionamiento del sistema
interamericano de derechos humanos, las funciones y atribuciones de los
dos órganos del sistema, a saber: Comisión y Corte Interamericana de
Derechos Humanos, el proceso de un caso contencioso ante la Comisión y
la Corte. Posteriormente se realiza un análisis de la evolución
reglamentaria de la Corte Interamericana y un estudio acerca de la
ejecución y cumplimiento de las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de
Derechos Humanos. También se realiza un estudio del concepto de
justicia transicional y como éste ha sido definido y analizado en la
jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana, para luego dar paso a un
breve estudio del rol de la Corte Interamericana en materia de justicia,
verdad y reparaciones.
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La justicia penal juvenil en la
jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (con
especial referencia a Centroamérica)
Javier Llobet Rodríguez
Revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Direitos Humanos
Año 16, Vol. 16, No. 16 (2016)
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| Resumen: La
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos a partir de la sentencia del
Caso de los “Niños de la Calle” (Villagrán Morales y otros) Vs.
Guatemala dotó de contenido al artículo 19 de la Convención Americana de
Derechos Humanos, con base en la Convención de Derechos del Niño,
utilizando además los instrumentos internacionales que la complementan.
Con posterioridad a ello ha dictado una serie de resoluciones, dentro de
las que se destaca la Opinión Consultiva sobre la condición jurídica y
derechos humanos del niño, OC-17/2002, en la que resaltó la vigencia en
la justicia penal juvenil de las garantías que rigen en el derecho de
adultos, lo mismo que la existencia de garantías adicionales,
consecuencia de la condición de menores de edad. |
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Atos de genocídio e crimes contra a humanidade:
Reflexões sobre a complementaridade da responsabilidade internacional do
indivíduo e do Estado
Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade
Revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Direitos Humanos
Año 16, Vol. 16, No. 16 (2016)
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Resumo: A atual era dos tribunais internacionais
dá testemunho da expansão da personalidade e capacidade jurídicas
internacionais, assim como da responsabilidade internacional. Esta
última, expandida de forma consolidada, cobre a responsabilidade dos
Estados, das organizações internacionais e dos indivíduos, como sujeitos
do direito internacional. A adjudicação internacional de casos
atinentes ao genocídio e crimes contra a humanidade tem demonstrado que
as responsabilidades dos indivíduos e do Estado são complementares uma à
outra, uma não pode ser dissociada da outra, encontram-se
inter-relacionadas. As aproximações e convergências entre o Direito
Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, o Direito Internacional Humanitário,
o Direito Internacional dos Refugiados, também abarcam hoje o Direito
Penal Internacional.
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Discurso: Breves recordações de mina trajetória internacional
Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade
Revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Direitos Humanos
Año 16, Vol. 16, No. 16 (2016)
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Resumo:
Discurso proferido pelo autor, em Belo Horizonte, no auditório da
Faculdade de Direito da UFMG, em 25 de abril de 2017, por ocasião da
comemoração do 125° aniversario da Faculdade de Direito.
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Implementing Human Rights in closed environments through the United Nations Convention against Torture
Claudio Grossman
Revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Direitos Humanos
Año 16, Vol. 16, No. 16 (2016)
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Abstract: Closed environments pose a major
challenge to the full and effective implementation of human rights norms
and conventions. However, many conventions contain mechanisms that can
be used to further advance implementation of human rights in those
closed environments. The United Nations Convention against Torture and
Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the
Convention) has several mechanisms in place that play an important role
in enforcing and implementing human rights obligations. Along with the
creation of a supervisory organ, the Committee against Torture (the
Committee), the Convention provides a framework for: State Party
reporting and concluding observations (COBs) under art 19; state
inquiries under art 20; interstate communications under art 21; and
individual communications under art 22. |
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International Humanitarian Law in the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Revista do Instituto Brasileiro de Direitos Humanos
Año 16, Vol. 16, No. 16 (2016)
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Abstract: The
Inter-Amerícan Court began to explicitly refer to IHL as of 2000. The
study of its jurisprudence enables the identification of the factual
bases upon which the Court verified that the facts of the relevant cases
had taken place within a context of armed conflict, and of the legal
bases establishing its jurisdiction to refer to a legal framework that
is extemal to the Inter-American corpus juris. The case law also
demonstrates that on the basis of interpretations in light of IHL, the
Court has reinforced the content and scope of human rights and of the
obligations of States; and that, going beyond mere interpretation, the
Court declared the breach of IHL principles and ordered reparation
measures to guarantee the implementation of IHL. As such, the
Inter-American Court has become an indirect mechanism for the control of
IHL.
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Two steps forward, one step back:
Reflections on the jurisprudential turn of the Inter-American Court of
Human Rights on domestic reparation programmes
Clara Sandoval
The International Journal of Human Rights
2017
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Abstract: This article is a contribution to an area
of research that remains neglected in both the literature on
reparations under international law and on the jurisprudence of the
Inter-American Court of Human Rights: The coexistence of reparation
regimes at the international and domestic level and the problems this
creates. In particular, it reflects on the jurisprudential turn of the
Inter- American Court in the area of reparations as a result of
considering allegations regarding Domestic Reparations Programmes (DRPs)
in states undergoing transitions, particularly Chile, Colombia,
Guatemala and Peru. In addition to considering the role of subsidiarity
in the most recent jurisprudence of the court, it addresses three
questions: Why has the Inter-American Court tried to reconcile the
coexistence of these reparations systems? How has it done so? And, what
are the consequences of this jurisprudential turn for international law
and for the institutional design of the Inter-American System? |
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Sexual violence against child soldiers: The limits and potential of international criminal law
Rosemary Grey
International Feminist Journal of Politics
2014
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Abstract: In addition to participating in
hostilities, girl soldiers are often raped, sexually enslaved and used
as “bush wives” by their commanders and fellow soldiers. As this issue
of sexual violence against girl soldiers has become increasingly visible
in recent cases before the International Criminal Court (ICC) and
Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), attempts have been made to
prosecute this conduct within the established framework of international
criminal law. Most recently, this issue has been addressed in the case
of The Prosecutor v Bosco Ntaganda, one of the six cases that have come
before the ICC from the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
On 9 June 2014, the Pre-Trial Chamber confirmed the charges in the
Ntaganda case, and found that the rape and sexual slavery of girl
soldiers in Ntaganda’s armed group by other members of that group could
constitute war crimes under Article 8(2)(e)(vi) of the Rome Statute.
This article considers what the Ntaganda decision adds to the
jurisprudence on sexual violence against child soldiers, and what it
demonstrates about the limits of the law. |
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